Il bendaggio gastrico, uno dei metodi chirurgici più diffusi per la cura dell’obesità, fa parte degli interventi definiti “restrittivi”. Lo stomaco, infatti, subisce un vero e proprio restringimento (attraverso un anello di silicone posizionato attorno allo stomaco in prossimità dell’esofago) per cui il senso di sazietà viene avverto precocemente, senza che questo intacchi la digestione o l’assorbimento delle sostanze ingerite. Per dare il tempo allo stomaco di abituarsi a questa nuova condizione è fondamentale che il paziente ritorni all’alimentazione normale in modo graduale.
La dieta post bendaggio gastrico passa attraverso 4 fasi:
- Dieta liquida (per 1 mese): è a base di latte, yogurt, biscotti per l’infanzia, miele, semolino molto liquido, omogeneizzati di carne e di frutta, succhi di frutta (non zuccherati), brodo di carne o vegetale.
- Dieta frullata (per 1 mese): prevede tutti gli alimenti compresi nella dieta liquida, più passato di verdure, crema di riso, pastina molto piccola, carni e pesci (magri) frullati, prosciutto crudo o cotto (meglio se tritati), formaggi magri a pasta molle (es. crescenza, ricotta di mucca, ecc.), purea di patate, frullati a base di latte e frutta (senza buccia e privata di semi).
- Dieta Morbida (1 mese): prevede tutti gli alimenti compresi nella dieta liquida e frullata, ma meno liquidi.
- Dieta solida: i cibi solidi possono introdotti dopo 12-15 settimane dall’intervento chirurgico. La dieta prevede il consumo di carni magre o pollame ai ferri/alla griglia, pesce magro (es. nasello, cernia, merluzzo, spada, sarde, orata, sogliola, trota, ecc.), pasta al dente (preferibilmente quella lunga), risotto, pane (meglio se integrale), tonno in scatola naturale, frutta e verdura possibilmente cruda. Da limitare la frutta molto zuccherina (banane, uva, cachi e fichi), da escludere, invece, quella secca, la frutta sciroppata e le castagne.
Per quanto riguarda i condimenti, è consigliabile utilizzare l’olio extra vergine di oliva o in alternativa l’olio di semi di girasole, l’olio di soia o di riso, ma sempre a curdo. La quantità giornaliera di 20-30 (pari a 2-3 cucchiai da tavola). La margarina, così come lo strutto e altre sostanze grasse (es. maionese, panna, alimenti sott’olio, salsine, olive, cacao) vanno completamente escluse da tutte le fasi della dieta post bendaggio gastrico. Il burro può essere consumato in dosi molto limitate e sempre crudo.
Le bevande consentite sono l’acqua minerale naturale, tè e caffè possono essere consumati solo in quantità moderate. Da eliminare invece gli alcolici, le bevande zuccherine e gassate. Anche i dolci vanno completamente esclusi, in sostituzione dello zucchero si può utilizzare la saccarina o dolcificanti a base di stevia.
Dieta liquida post bendaggio gastrico: schema d’esempio
- Colazione: 1 tazza di latte scremato dolcificato con saccarina o aspartame, 3-4 biscotti per l’infanzia da sciogliere nel latte.
- Spuntino: 1 vasetto di yogurt magro o 1 succo di frutta (senza zuccheri aggiunti).
- Pranzo: brodo vegetale o di carne (magro) o semolino molto liquido o omogeneizzato di carne.
- Merenda: 1 yogurt magro o 1 bicchiere di succo di frutta non zuccherato.
- Cena: brodo di carne (magro) o vegetale o semolino molto liquido o omogeneizzato di carne.
In questa prima fase i liquidi vanno assunti tramite cucchiaio o una cannuccia.
Dieta frullata post bendaggio gastrico: schema d’esempio
- Colazione: 1 tazza di latte con 3-4 biscotti e 1 caffè d’orzo.
- Spuntino: frullato di latte e frutta o 1 yogurt magro o 1 succo di frutta senza zucchero.
- Pranzo: crema di cereali o semolino o crema di riso o passato di verdura o pastina in brodo o brodo con omogeneizzato di carne.
- Merenda: 1 tazza di latte con 3-4 biscotti e 1 caffè d’orzo.
- Cena: crema di cereali o semolino o crema di riso o passato di verdura o pastina in brodo o brodo con omogeneizzato di carne.
Ogni struttura ospedaliera, così come il medico, sono tenuti a fornire uno schema alimentare da seguire in tutte le fasi della dieta post bendaggio gastrico.
Photo Credit| Thinkstock
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