Attratti dai cibi spazzatura? E’ colpa di un ormone

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Vi siete mai chiesti perché siamo irresistibilmente attratti dal junk food, ovvero il cibo spazzatura? Ovviamente perché, ed è inutile negalo, è saporito e più buono di altri alimenti, ma l’attrazione verso pizzette, fritti e snack non è solo questione di gusto o di forza di volontà. Se è vero che il cibo spazzatura crea dipendenza, è vero anche che a spingerci verso questi cibi è un ormone, e in particolare quello dell’appetito, la grelina.

A sostenerlo è uno studio condotto dell’Imperial College di Londra e presentato al 92° meeting annuale della Endocrine Society, tenutosi a San Diego, in California, dal 19 al 22 giugno 2010, e pubblicato sulla rivista “The Endocrine Society”.

I ricercatori, coordinati dal dottor Tony Goldstone hanno condotto dei test su 18 persone, 13 donne e 5 uomini adulti e non obesi; per tre mattine separate i volontari hanno assistito ad alcune immagini, una volta senza aver fatto colazione e due volte 40 minuti dopo averla consumata.

Le immagini proposte ai volontari raffiguravano diversi tipi di alimenti: da quelli con poche calorie come verdure e pesce, a quelli ipercalorici come torte, cioccolato e pizza; i pazienti dovevano segnalare il proprio gradimento per mezzo di una tastiera. Prima di questa operazione sono state selezionati a caso dei volontari, ad alcuni dei quali è stata fatta un’iniezione di una soluzione salina e ad altri una con l’ormone grelina.

Dai risultati è emerso che, dopo aver consumato la colazione o ricevuto l’iniezione salina, i pazienti mostravano lo stesso gradimento, sia nei confronti degli alimenti ipercalorici che di quelli ipocalorici; se invece i volontari erano a digiuno o era stata iniettata loro la grelina, preferivano di più i cibi spazzatura.

Secondo i ricercatori questo risultato si può spiegare con il fatto che, chi non fa la prima colazione trova più attraenti gli alimenti ipercalorici. Ecco cos’ha dichiarato il dottor Goldstone a tal proposito:

La grelina ha imitato la situazione di digiuno nel polarizzare il food appeal verso gli alimenti ipercalorici. Modifiche nella preferenza degli alimenti da mangiare quando si saltano i pasti possono essere spiegate dai cambiamenti nei livelli di grelina nel sangue atti ad aiutare a regolare il nostro apporto calorico complessivo.

 

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