Scoperto il gene della magrezza

gene magrezzaQuante volte avete guardato con invidia un amico mangiare in quantità e non prendere mai neanche un chilo? Quante volte avete rinunciato a un peccato di gola e fatto ore di ginnastica per scoprire che l’ago della bilancia continua a salire? Purtroppo ci sono persone magre per natura e magre che invece devono faticare per mantenersi in forma. Ora questa massima popolare è diventata una certezza, grazie a una scoperta di Telethon che individuato un gene responsabile di rimuovere il grasso in eccesso dalle cellule corporee.

Questo gene TFEB ha il compito di regolare il funzionamento dei lisosomi, vescicole di circa un micron di diametro ricche di enzimi litici per varie sostanze organiche. Non è tutto, perché è capace di rimuovere il grasso in eccesso presente nelle cellule. Questo processo è chiamato autofagia e ovviamente stimolarlo potrebbe risultare utile per ricavare energia, ma anche per curare numerose malattie degenerative, come quelle che derivano da accumulo di lisosomiale o il Parkinson, l’Alzheimer o l’aterosclerosi. Carmine Settembre, direttore dell’Istituto, ha dichiarato:

Abbiamo dimostrato che TFEB gioca un ruolo da direttore d’orchestra anche nel metabolismo dei grassi quando l’energia scarseggia. E’ in grado infatti di mettere in moto il processo con cui la cellula ‘spezzetta’ i lipidi e li converte dalla loro forma di deposito a quella immediatamente utilizzabile come fonte energetica. La controprova è venuta dagli esperimenti su due tipi di topi di laboratorio, con obesità indotta da una dieta molto ricca in grassi e con obesità di tipo genetico: abbiamo somministrato loro TFEB attraverso la terapia genica e pur non variando l’alimentazione di questi animali abbiamo osservato che non aumentavano di peso e non sviluppavano diabete, né aumento del colesterolo e dei trigliceridi nel sangue, ovvero la ben nota “sindrome metabolica” che rappresenta l’anteprima delle malattie cardiovascolari.

Che cosa vuol dire? Questo gene riesce a migliorare sia l’utilizzo dei grassi sia a evitarne l’accumulo.

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