La colite o sindrome del colon irritabile è un disturbo molto diffuso (colpisce circa il 15% della popolazione), soprattutto tra le donne. I sintomi più comuni sono: dolore addominale, nausea, episodi di stitichezza alternati a quelli di diarrea. È spesso motivo di disagio e stress per chi ne soffre, in quanto va ad interferire con la vita sociale e lavorativa, tuttavia con una dieta ad hoc e imparando a gestire meglio le tensioni si può convivere “in pace” con la colite. In questo senso, i probiotici potrebbero essere dei validi alleati, vediamo insieme perché.
Colon irritabile (o colite): cause
La colite è un’infiammazione a carico del colon, il secondo tratto dell’intestino crasso, dove arrivano i residui della digestione e avviene la formazione e l’evacuazione delle feci. Le cause non sono ancora del tutto chiare, ma per molto tempo si è ritenuto che l’origine fosse il colon particolarmente sensibile allo stress. Questo è vero solo in parte, perché al di là delle motivazioni di natura psicologica, possono esserci anche fattori diversi quali intolleranze/ipersensibilità alimentari o alterazioni della flora batterica, responsabile della proliferazione dei microrganismi patogeni.
Colon irritabile (o colite): sintomi
I principali sintomi della colite sono:
- Gonfiore addominale
- Nausea
- Stitichezza
- Diarrea
- Perdita di appetito
- Crampi addominali
- Meteorismo
- Mal di testa
- Borborigmi
- Emissione di muco assieme alle feci
I sintomi, tuttavia, possono variare da soggetto a soggetto. Ci sono persone, infatti, che soffrono di stipsi, altre invece alternano periodi di costipazione ad altri di diarrea. Senza considerare che il più delle volte la colite ha due fasi, un’acuta (con diarrea) e una fase di riequilibrio della flora intestinale, in cui i sintomi tendono a regredire.
Fermenti lattici nella cura della colite
Chi soffre di colite conosce molto bene i vari tentativi per ripristinare la funzionalità intestinale e l’equilibrio della flora batterica. In questo senso, I fermenti lattici possono aiutare a regolarizzare le funzionalità del sistema gastroenterico, facilitando prima di tutto la digestione e quindi la scomposizione degli alimenti e la loro assimilazione. Inoltre, i fermenti lattici sono utili anche per rafforzare le difese immunitarie. Diversi gli studi che dimostrano l’effetto benefico dei fermenti lattici, sia prebiotici che probiotici, sulla sindrome del colon irritabile, da ultimo la ricerca condotta dai ricercatori della Facoltà di Medicina dell’Università del Michigan e pubblicata sulla rivista Gastroenterology. Secondo gli esperti, infatti, i probiotici, in modo particolari, sono in grado di invertire il processo innescato dallo stress sopprimendo l’azione dell’inflammasoma, un complesso multiproteico coinvolto nei processi della flora batterica intestinale.
I fermenti lattici vivi probiotici, per essere definiti tali, devono essere in grado di superare l’ambiente acido dello stomaco e sopravvivere fino all’intestino, dove possono modificare la microflora batterica (microbiota), un complesso ecosistema composto da circa 300-500 specie batteriche che, in condizioni di salute, si mantiene più o meno costante. La presenza dei microrganismi probiotici viene continuamente minacciata da diversi fattori quali stress, dieta sbagliata, antibiotici, ecc.
Un prodotto molto valido in tal senso, anche se poco conosciuto, è Reuflor, a base di fermenti lattici probiotici che contiene la sola specie Lactobacillus reuteri indicata per il riequilibrio della flora intestinale. Questo integratore, inoltre, è consigliato anche per i bambini e neonati (persino prematuri), soggetti debilitati e immunocompromessi. Si vende sia sotto forma di compresse che in gocce (per i soggetti intolleranti sia al lattosio che al glutine). Ve lo consiglio non perché l’abbia provato direttamente, fortunatamente non soffro di colite, ma perché è stata una scoperta fatta da un mio parente e che ha risolto gran parte dei suoi problemi affiancando ad una dieta corretta e al movimento, anche l’uso di Reuflor. Gli esperti, inoltre, consigliano di usare anche i prebiotici per amplificare l’azione dei fermenti lattici probiotici.
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