Nutrizione e gravidanza, i consigli del ginecologo

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Come deve cambiare la dieta della futura madre? Quali alimenti è opportuno evitare e quali invece sono più indicati per la tutela del benessere di madre e figlio? E ancora: è possibile restare in forma durante la gravidanza? E’ vero che alcuni prodotti e trattamenti cosmetici possono nuocere alla salute del bambino?  Questi sono solo alcuni dei moltissimi interrogativi che le donne in dolce attesa si pongono. Per rispondere a tutte queste domande abbiamo intervistato per voi il Dottor Ferdinando Carollo, Medico GinecologoFerdinando Carollo si è laureato in Medicina e Chirurgia all’Università degli Studi di Palermo nel 1989 e ha conseguito la specializzazione in Ginecologia e Ostetricia nel 1993. Vive e lavora a Palermo dove esercita la libera professione.

Dottor Carollo, ogni giorno dalle pagine del nostro blog cerchiamo di promuovere un concetto di salute e benessere che passi anche attraverso l’adozione di un corretto stile di vita alimentare. In base alla sua esperienza, durante la gravidanza cosa dovrebbe cambiare rispetto alle normali indicazioni per una vita salubre?

Una volta si pensava che le donne in gravidanza dovessero mangiare per due. Naturalmente niente di più sbagliato! Allo stesso modo però la gestazione è il periodo meno indicato per seguire una dieta ipocalorica. Piuttosto è necessario osservare una corretta igiene alimentare e ricorrere ad alcuni accorgimenti: alle future mamme raccomando sempre di mangiare un pò di tutto limitando le quantità e di privilegiare una dieta iperproteica, normoglucidica e ipolipidica, caratterizzata cioè da un elevato consumo di proteine, da un giusto apporto giornaliero di carboidrati e da un ridotto consumo di grassi. In generale, occorre fare molta attenzione agli acidi grassi insaturi, l’ideale sarebbe aggiungere l’olio crudo al termine della cottura, e limitare la quantità di sale aggiunto ai cibi poichè ha un effetto deleterio sull’elasticità di vene e arterie.

Cosa ci dice sui frutti di mare? Perchè è meglio evitarli in gravidanza?

L’unico frutto di mare che è possibile mangiare durante la gravidanza è il riccio. I ricci di mare sono infatti sessili, vivono cioè ancorati alle rocce e prosperano solo in  fondali puliti, mentre i bivalve come cozze, ostriche, vongole e fasolari sono organismi filtratori che si nutrono principalmente di fitoplancton e materiale organico e sopravvivono anche in ambienti marini molto inquinati. Per questo motivo il loro consumo in gravidanza espone la futura madre al rischio di contrarre patologie che possono nuocere alla salute del nascituro, come Salmonellosi ed Epatite A.

E sulla Toxoplasmosi? Cosa deve fare una futura madre per evitare di contrarla durante l’attesa?

Per scongiurare il rischio di contrarre la Toxoplasmosi in gravidanza occorre anzitutto evitare di toccare cani e gatti. Soprattutto se questi vivono tra il giardino e la casa o, è il caso dei cani, vengono portati fuori a passeggio. E’ sbagliato invece eliminare completamente dalla dieta frutta e verdura crude.  Consiglio sempre alle mie pazienti di lasciare immersa per una notte in acqua e amuchina la verdura che va mangiata cruda e di consumarla il giorno seguente, dopo averla risciacquata con cura. Da evitare i salumi crudi anche se lungamente stagionati,  la stagionatura dei salumi infatti non protegge dal rischio di infezione.

Attualmente le donne sentono l’esigenza di essere belle anche durante la gravidanza. Quali prodotti cosmetici è meglio evitare e quali accorgimenti è necessario operare durante il periodo gestazionale?

In gravidanza è sicuramente preferibile evitare di entrare in contatto con sostanze chimiche che possono interferire con la corretta formazione dell’embrione. Quindi no ad acetoni, smalti e tinture. Tutti cosmetici che possono invece essere usati, seppure con molta cautela, a partire dal quinto mese di gestazione. Questo naturalmente non significa che se la madre ha utilizzato uno di questi prodotti anche una sola volta durante il periodo indicato la salute del bambino è irrimediabilmente compromessa. E’ invece possibile, sin dalle prime settimane, fare ricorso in tutta tranquillità a tinture naturali come l’hennè.

Il controllo del peso è uno dei fattori di maggior rischio per le future madri. Quali consigli è solito dare alle mamme in attesa a questo proposito?

Anzitutto, invito le donne in attesa a fissare un tetto massimo di incremento ponderale pari a 10-12 kg circa e, in secondo luogo, a osservare un protocollo di incremento ponderale ideale: il peso in gravidanza cioè non dovrebbe aumentare più di 500 grammi al mese durante il primo trimestre, mentre, superato questo periodo, l’incremento ponderale dovrebbe attestarsi sul chilo e mezzo ogni mese.

Molti ginecologi raccomandano di assumere prima e durante la gravidanza vitamine e altre sostanze di cui l’organismo è carente per garantire il corretto sviluppo del feto. Raccomandandoci ancora una volta di non assumere alcun integratore senza il controllo di un medico ginecologo, potrebbe dirci quali sostanze vengono prescritte più di frequente e perchè?

Fermo restando che le migliori fonti di vitamine e sali minerali sono rappresentate da frutta e verdura, in gravidanza può essere utile un integratore alimentare multivitaminico. Integratori specifici andrebbero invece prescritti solo laddove si presenti una reale necessità: è il caso del ferro, che va assunto solo se la madre ne risulta carente dalle opportune analisi. Diversamente infatti potrebbero insorgere emosiderosi ed emocromatosi, gastriti, diarrea o, al contrario, stipsi. Tra le sostanze più prescritte in epoca gestazionale vi è senz’altro l’acido folico, che favorisce i processi di biosintesi ed è utile nella prevenzione della spina bifida. E’ contenuto nelle foglie verdi, da qui il nome, a patto che vengano consumate crude. Si tratta infatti di una sostanza termolabile che si degrada già a 38°.

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174 commenti su “Nutrizione e gravidanza, i consigli del ginecologo”

  1. ATTENZIONE TUTTO IL PESCE E I MOLLUSCHI, TUTTO QUELLO CHE VIVE IN ACQUA NON, RIPETO NON E’ SANO PER LE DONNE INCINTE. IL PESCE CONTIENE LIVELLI DI MECURIO (Hg) TALI CHE IL BAMBINO CHE DEVE NASCERE RISCHIA DI NASCERE AUTISTICO.
    INVITO AD INFORMARSI PRESSO L’ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA’ CHE HA FATTO GLI ESPERIMENTI ANALIZZANDO IL PESCE E DIVULGANDO CON CORSI CONOSCITIVI I RISULTATI MOLTO PREOCCUPANTI. INVITO TUTTI I MEDICI AD INFORMARSI E A TENERE INFORMATI I PROPRI PAZIENTI. IL PROBLEMA E’ SERIO. VI PREGO DI INFORMARVI PRESSO L’ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA’. A PROVA DI CIO’ E’ STATA ALZATA L’ETA’ MINIMA DEL NEONATO A CUI DARE GLI OMOGENEIZZATI A BASE DI PESCE. PER FAVORE INFORMATEVI PER LA SALUTE DEI POVERI BAMBINI. GRAZIE. Un medico.

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