Voglia di cibi grassi e di alcolici? Tutta colpa della galanina

Secondo una ricerca dell’Università di Arberdeen in Gran Bretagna, la voglia di cibi grassi e di alcolici sarebbe determinata dalla galanina, una molecola del cervello in grado di regolare l’appetito e di influenzare le nostre scelte alimentari.

Lo studio è stato diretto dal dottor Alasdair MacKenzie e pubblicato su “Journal of Neuropsychopharmocology”. La galanina, svolge l’azione di neurotrasmettitore ed è coinvolto nella regolazione dell’assunzione degli alimenti, che avviene a livello dell’ipotalamo. Il bisogno di cibo, infatti, è regolato, per così dire, da 2 centrali operative: il “centro della fame” nell’ipotalamo laterale e il “centro della sazietà” nell’ipotalamo mediale. Il centro della fame, invia continuamente messaggi alla corteccia cerebrale per sollecitare la ricerca di cibo, fonte essenziale di energia. La sua perenne attività è legata all’istinto di sopravvivenza.

Secondo i ricercatori, inoltre, la galanina sarebbe più spiccata nel cervello degli occidentali a causa di un’eredità genetica. I primi europei, infatti, si trovarono a vivere in regioni spesso coperte da ghiacci e con temperature particolarmente rigide. Per sopravvivere, così il cervello ha sviluppato una predilezione verso gli alimenti ricchi di grassi e di calorie per avere l’energia necessaria per sopravvivere alle condizioni ambientali poco favorevoli.

Questo meccanismo, si sarebbe conservato nel tempo, come una sorta di eredità preistorica, nonostante le mutate condizioni di vita e le diverse finalità. Come ha spiegato il dottor Alasdair MacKenzie:

Nell’antichità, infatti, la galanina ha permesso la sopravvivenza. Durante l’inverno, gli individui con un neurotrasmettitore meno forte, non avrebbero avuto alcuna chance di sopravvivere in Europa.

Oggi, però, vista la grande abbondanza di cibo, la galanina renderebbe più vulnerabili a problemi come sovrappeso, obesità e alcolismo. Inoltre, sembra che tale neurotrasmettitore, non sia un tratto caratteristico degli asiatici. Data la diversa storia geografica, infatti, gli orientali presenterebbero nel loro DNA una versione “light” del neurotrasmettitore e del gene collegato.

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126 commenti su “Voglia di cibi grassi e di alcolici? Tutta colpa della galanina”

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