I grassi modificano il metabolismo?

grassi modificano metabolismo

Le molecole presenti nei cibi possono modificare il nostro metabolismo stimolando o sopprimendo l’appetito e favorendo di conseguenza l’aumento o la riduzione di peso. A sostenerlo è l’esperto di obesità Randy Seeley dell’Università di Cincinnati in Ohio, secondo il quale ridurre semplicemente il carico calorico non basta a dimagrire.

Come ha spiegato l’esperto, nel piatto c’è un vero e proprio cocktail di ormoni in grado di influenzare la nostra biologia, ecco perché conoscerli potrebbe aiutare a mettere a punto non soltanto diete utili per chi vuole perdere i chili di troppo, ma anche per trattare patologie connesse all’alimentazione come il diabete e le malattie cardiovascolari.

Già negli anni ’90 sono stati identificati nuovi recettori (PPAR) in grado di interagire con diverse molecole coinvolte nel metabolismo dei grassi che possono essere attivati dagli acidi grassi. In particolare il recettore PPAR-gamma si trova sulle cellule adipose e quando vi si legano gli acidi grassi favorisce l’accumulo di adipe e il blocco di una molecola che lo fa bruciare. Consumare cibi grassi, perciò, non regala semplicemente troppe calorie, ma modifica la gestione del grasso nell’organismo.

Qualche anno fa è stato scoperto anche un recettore di superficie delle cellule adipose (GPR120) che ha un effetto notevole sul metabolismo: se funziona poco, cresce il peso e si riduce la capacità di controllare gli zuccheri nel sangue. Recentemente si è visto come questo recettore venga attivato dagli acidi grassi Omega 3. Come spiega Seeley:

Anche gli aminoacidi contenuti negli alimenti possono influenzare il metabolismo più di quanto crediamo. Una proteina, la mTOR, “sente” l’energia delle cellule e dei nutrienti e, se ce n’è troppa, riduce la spinta a mangiare; l’aminoacido leucina, di cui sono ricchi carne, pesce, uova e soia, “accende” la mTOR e quindi aiuta a ridurre l’introito energetico.

Insomma, per mantenersi in forma non bisogna fissarsi esclusivamente sul conteggio calorico perché ciascuno di noi risponde in maniera diversa alle sostanze simil-ormonali contenute nei vari cibi.

Photo Credit| Thinkstock

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