Il cosiddetto acido folico, o folato, non è altro che la vitamina B9, una sostanza il cui fabbisogno giornaliero per l’organismo umano è pari a 0.2 mg al giorno. Negli ultimi anni gli è stata riconosciuta un’importanza fondamentale nella prevenzione di alcune malformazioni fetali, soprattutto a carico del tubo neurale come spina bifida e anencefalia, che possono avere luogo nelle primissime fasi della gestazione.
Per questo motivo si stima che il fabbisogno giornaliero di acido folico in gravidanza salga a 0.4 mg ed è ormai una consuetudine la prescrizione da parte del ginecologo di integratori alimentari specifici alle future madri. Infatti, poichè non viene sintetizzato dall’organismo, l’acido folico deve essere necessariamente introdotto “dall’esterno”, anche, ovviamente, attraverso l’alimentazione.
La vitamina B9 infatti è indispensabile per la sintesi del DNA oltre che delle proteine e dell’emoglobina e contribuisce anche ad abbassare i livelli di omocisteina, un amminoacido associato al rischio di insorgenza di patologie cardiovascolari, nonostante non sia ancora stato accertato un legame fra l’assunzione di acido folico e la prevenzione di queste.
Il ridotto assorbimento di acido folico o l’aumento del fabbisogno giornaliero sono inoltre associati anche all’assunzione di alcuni farmaci, a un elevato consumo di alcolici, o a patologie come il diabete di tipo insulino-dipendente e la celiachia.
Fra gli alimenti che contengono acido folico troviamo le verdure a foglia verde, i cereali, i legumi, il fegato e alcuni tipi di frutta come arance, limoni, kiwi e fragole. Tuttavia i processi di cottura degradano in gran parte il contenuto di folato dei cibi, meglio quindi preferire come fonti di acido folico gli alimenti che possono essere consumati crudi.
Sembra inoltre che l’assunzione quotidiana di acido folico sia indicata anche per quelle donne che intendono pianificare una gravidanza, ossia già in epoca precedente al concepimento. Se questo è il vostro caso vi consigliamo di rivolgervi al vostro ginecologo di fiducia, è sconsigliabile infatti superare la dose giornaliera raccomandata.
Ciao Salvina, leggo sempre con molto interesse i suoi articoli, sono sempre illuminanti ed a volte “preoccupanti”! questo articolo sull’acido folico da il senso del grande cambiamento, in tema di gravidanza, avvenuto negli ultimi decenni. Prima ci si preoccupava poco della prevenzione mentre oggi addirittura solo il “…eppure mi piacerebbe avere un bimbo” mette in moto la grande macchina della prevenzione: acido folico, esami per accertare quali malattie ha avuto la donna che vorrebbe avere un bimbo, ecc. sono molto d’accordo con la prevenzione (lavoro nell’ambito della disabilità e conosco purtroppo le situazioni che si potevano forse evitare). Condivido meno altre forme di “prevenzione”. Di recente ho appreso con stupore che sempre più donne si rivolgono al dietologo per sottoporsi ad una dieta pre-gravidanza.
mi chiedo se, esclusi i test realmente necessari, non stiamo perdendo il piacere della spontaneità e dell’imprevedibilità del concepimemto! Forse bisognerebbe lasciare spazio al caso e non al calendario. Cordialmente, Nunzia.
Ciao Nunzia, hai ragione quando dici che si è perso il piacere della spontaneità e dell’imprevedibilità del concepimento e credo che per certi versi questo riguardi anche la gravidanza stessa.
Tuttavia, lo dici tu stessa, si tratta di quei progressi della scienza medica che ci permettono di ridurre il rischio di insorgenza di alcune patologie gravemente invalidanti e dovremmo essere sollevate di ciò.
Paradossalmente però tutto questo, piuttosto che permettere di vivere la gravidanza con maggiore serenità rispetto a quanto non avvenisse un tempo, pare avere su molte donne l’effetto opposto, seppure le preoccupazioni sulla salute del nascituro abbiano sempre fatto parte dei “pensieri” di ogni futura madre.
L’attesa di un figlio resta uno dei periodi più intensi della vita di una donna, viverla serenamente è un diritto di ciascuna di noi.
Grazie per l’interesse con il quale ci segui, Salvina
è vero quanto si dice riguardo alla bresaola e il prosciutto crudo se congelati possono essere mangiati dalle donne in stato interessante senza nessun problema di contrarre la toxo?
Ciao Mary, non sono in grado di rispondere alla tua domanda, ma qualche tempo fa abbiamo interpellato un ginecologo proprio sul tema nutrizione e gravidanza:
http://www.dietaland.com/nutrizione-e-gravidanza-i-consigli-del-ginecologo/1800/
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