Sarebbero state individuate le tre molecole tossiche responsabili della celiachia, ovvero i peptidi del glutine che scatenano la reazione immunitaria nelle persone che ne sono affette; la scoperta, annunciata sulla rivista Science Translational Medicine, rappresenta un notevole passo avanti nella lotta contro questa malattia che potrebbe portare alla messa a punto di un vaccino contro di essa, la cui sperimentazione è già stata avviata.
La scoperta si deve all’equipe di Bob Anderson e di Jason Tye-Din del Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research di Parkville, in Australia. Gli esperti hanno osservato un campione di 200 pazienti cui è stata somministrata una dieta a base di cereali per circa sei giorni; trascorso questo tempo sono state isolate, attraverso un prelievo di sangue, le cellule immunitarie responsabili della reazione al glutine (linfociti T) le quali sono state in seguito messe a contatto con 2.700 peptidi “sospetti”.
Di questi, tre si legano più saldamente alle cellule scatenando più degli altri la reazione immunitaria: proprio questi sono attualmente oggetto di sperimentazione per comprendere se, somministrati in piccolissime quantità ai pazienti, proprio come in un vaccino, possano condurre a una desensibilizzare graduale di questi al glutine.
Come abbiamo già avuto modo di dirvi, la celiachia rappresenta un’intolleranza al glutine che causa seri problemi all’intestino e impedisce l’assimilazione di vitamine, minerali e altri nutrienti con pesanti ricadute sull’intero organismo. In Italia si stima vi siano 600mila persone affette da celiachia, ma solo 100mila di essi hanno ricevuto una diagnosi.
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