I lupini, oggi diventati uno snack prelibato tipico di sagre e fiere paesane, ma anche un gustoso antipasto, fanno parte della famiglia delle leguminose. Si tratta, infatti, dei semi di una pianta molto diffusa sin dall’antichità soprattutto nelle regioni meridionali dell’Italia.
Al pari degli altri legumi, i lupini vantano un buon potere energetico, ma sono anche una fonte preziosa di potassio, vitamina B1, e ferro. Inoltre, in fatto di proteine, supera addirittura la soia, i fagioli, i piselli e i ceci. I semi di lupino, prima di essere destinati all’alimentazione umana o animale, vengono sottoposti ad un lavaggio prolungato poiché contengono alcaloidi amari e/o velenosi. Dopodiché vengono salati per immersione in una soluzione di acqua e sale.
Durante questi lavaggi, i lupini vengono anche acidificati, raggiungendo un Ph intorno a 4, che blocca la crescita di pericolosi microrganismi. Dopo la salatura, i semi vengono confezionati in atmosfera controllata o in salamoia, processo a cui segue la sterilizzazione. Chiaramente, una volta aperta la confezione, è bene conservare il prodotto in frigorifero e consumarlo entro una settimana.
Valori nutrizionali di 100 grammi di lupini
Energia (calorie): 114 Kcal
Parte edibile: 76%
Acqua: 69,0 g
Carboidrati: 7,1 g
Grassi: 2,4 g
Proteine: 16,4 g
Colesterolo: 0 mg
Fibre: 4,8 g
Sali minerali
Ferro: 5,5 mg
Calcio: 45 mg
Fosforo: 100 mg
Magnesio: 54 mg
Potassio: 254 mg
Sodio: 240 mg
Zinco: 1,4 mg
Rame: 0,23 mg
Manganese: 0,67 mg
Vitamine
Vitamina B1: 0.10 mg
Vitamina B2: 0.01 mg
Vitamina PP (o B3): 0.20 mg
Vitamina C: 2 mg
Proprietà anti-colesterolo e anti-diabete dei lupini
Dal punta di vista nutrizionale, i lupini, come detto all’inzio, sono un’ottima fonte proteica (43% su 100 g di farina), paragonabile a quello della carne rossa. Per questo motivo, è particolarmente indicato contro i sintomi della stanchezza e della debolezza muscolare. A differenza della carne, però, non aumenta i livelli di colesterolo, anzi, aiuta a ridurre o comunque a mantenerli entro la norma, così come i trigliceridi.
I semi di lupini, sono ricchi anche di acidi grassi Omega 3 e Omega 6, fondamentali per il benessere del nostro organismo, che non è in grado di sintetizzarli e quindi è necessario che vengano introdotti attraverso la dieta alimentare. Molte ricerche, hanno dimostrato come questi acidi polinsaturi siano utili nella prevenzione e nel trattamento di molte malattie, e soprattutto di quelle cardiovascolari.
Inoltre, secondo uno studio condotto dai ricercatori dell’Unità di Metabolismo-nutrizione del San Raffaele di Milano, i lupini contengono una proteina, la glicoproteina conglutina-gamma, in grado di migliorare il metabolismo del glucosio. I lupini, perciò, avrebbero le stesse qualità dell’insulina, diventando un alleato prezioso contro il diabete di tipo 2. Mimando l’azione dell’insulina, infatti, questa sostanza aumenterebbe la concentrazione di proteine in grado di attivare il Glut-4, responsabile del trasporto di glucosio al muscolo, e di regolare il metabolismo energetico muscolare.
Come spiega Livio Luzi, coordinatore dello studio e direttore dell’unità di ricerca del San Raffaele:
La conglutina-gamma del lupino presenta proprietà molto interessanti per il potenziale trattamento del diabete tipo di 2 con dei vantaggi rispetto alla terapia tradizionale, poiché potenzialmente scevro da effetti indesiderati.
Il lupino, attualmente, è anche oggetto di studio per la preparazione di ricette per celiaci, e quindi prive di glutine. La farina di lupini, inoltre, viene già impiegata per fare biscotti, pane, crackers, pasta, insaccati e carne in scatola, e non è da escludere in futuro, il suo utilizzo panche per la preparazione di sostituti del latte, del formaggio, dello yogurt, dei gelati e degli alimenti per chi è intollerante o allergico al latte.
Senza contare che la medicina tradizionale, ha sempre impiegato questo particolare legume come antiparassitario contro l’eczema e la crosta lattea. Si usa, infatti, un decotto di semi preparato con 30 grami per litro di acqua e 1 cucchiaio di aceto, da passare sulle parti colpite.
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