Il colesterolo è una molecola lipidica che rappresenta uno dei costituenti fondamentali della membrana cellulare di tutti gli organismi animali, soprattutto dei vertebrati. Per raggiungere i diversi tessuti il colesterolo viaggia nel sangue legato a specifiche proteine che si differenziano per densità: le proteine HDL (ad alta densità) e LDL (a bassa densità). Da qui i termini colesterolo HDL (detto anche colesterolo buono) e colesterolo LDL (noto come colesterolo cattivo).
Il colesterolo LDL è definito “cattivo” a causa del suo elevato potere aterogeno: se presente in quantità eccessive tende cioè a depositarsi nelle pareti interne delle arterie causando la formazione di placche che ostacolano il fluire del sangue. Al contrario, il colesterolo buono ripulisce le arterie impedendo la formazione di placche.
Delle corrette abitudini alimentari, unite a uno stile di vita sano, permettono di mantenere un equilibrio ottimale fra colesterolo HDL e colesterolo LDL.
Vediamo quali comportamenti è consigliabile adottare perchè il colesterolo non si trasformi in un nemico della nostra salute:
Smettere di fumare e fare esercizio fisico
Le sostanze tossiche sprigionate dal fumo di sigaretta abbassano il livello di colesterolo buono nel sangue, mentre fare attività fisica aiuta ad innalzarlo.
Evitare i grassi idrogenati
I grassi idrogenati, contenuti nella margarina e negli oli vegetali, hanno il potere di innalzare il livello di colesterolo totale nel sangue agendo, allo stesso tempo, negativamente, sul colesterolo buono.
Fare molta attenzione ai grassi saturi
Se è vero che latte e derivati, uova, carni grasse, burro ed insaccati hanno un contenuto notevole di colesterolo, è anche vero che innalzano allo stesso tempo tanto il colesterolo cattivo quanto quello buono. Meglio quindi consumare con moderazione carni grasse, insaccati e burro ed evitare di mangiare latte e uova con l’aggiunta di altri cibi ricchi di colesterolo anch’essi.
Mangiare molta frutta e verdura
Ricchi di vitamine, sali minerali e sostanze antiossidanti, frutta, verdura e ortaggi aiutano a vivere più in forma.
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