Stili educativi, in che modo influenzano le abitudini alimentari dei figli

Se mamma e papà adottano uno stile genitoriale autorevole gli adolescenti mangiano meglio. Questo è quanto emerso da una ricera condotta presso l’Università del Minnessota i cui risultati sono stati pubblicati sul Journal of the American Dietetic Association. Nel corso dello studio i quattro stili educativi dei genitori: autoritario, autorevole, permissivo e negligente, sono stati messi a confronto con le abitudini alimentari di 1.600 studenti delle scuole medie e 3.000 studenti delle superiori che stavano partecipando al Progetto EAT (Eating Among Teens) dell’università statunitense.

I risultati hanno dimostrato che lo stile genitoriale più efficace per insegnare ai figli a mangiare in maniera sana ed equilibrata è quello autorevole, da non confondere con lo stile autoritario, tipico di figure genitoriali che esercitano un risoluto controllo sui figli, pur non ricorrendo alle maniere forti, e incoraggiano il dialogo, esprimendo allo stesso tempo in maniera calorosa il proprio affetto.

Come spiega Jerica Berge, la coordinatrice della ricerca:

I genitori autorevoli ascoltano e capiscono le emozioni dei figli, le rispettano, sono empatici con loro. Ma stabiliscono limiti e regole chiare Quelli autoritari, invece, pretendono la stretta obbedienza alle norme familiari ma non mostrano calore e affetto nei confronti dei figli. Poi ci sono i permissivi, che sono capaci di amore e comprensione ma non danno poche, pochissime regole; infine, esistono i noncuranti, che non sono emotivamente presenti coi figli né pongono regole familiari di alcun genere.

D’altra parte, studi condotti nell’ambito del medesimo progetto avevano già dimostrato che consumare i pasti a casa piuttosto che in mensa si associa a una dieta più sana: i bambini e adolescenti che pranzano in famiglia consumano infatti maggiori quantità di frutta, verdura e cibi ricchi di calcio e fibre assumendo in tal modo maggiori quantità di vitamine e sali minerali e mantendosi al riparo dal rischio di insorgenza dell’obesità.

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