Sostanze anti-ossidanti, quali cibi le contengono?

sostanze-anti-ossidanti

I cosiddetti anti-ossidanti sono sostanze in grado di neutralizzare i radicali liberi e contrastarne l’azione negativa. Mentre alcune di queste sostanze sono prodotte dal nostro organismo, gli anti-ossidanti endogeni, altre, gli antiossidanti esogeni, provengono invece da fonti alimentari.

Proprio al contenuto di anti-ossidanti sono dovute le proprietà anti-cancerogene attribuite ad alcuni alimenti. Gli anti-ossidanti, oltre a contrastare l’azione dei radicali liberi, stimolano il sistema immunitario, fluidificano il sangue, riducono la pressione arteriosa, hanno azione anti-batterica e anti-virale.

Le principali sostanze anti-ossidanti contenute negli alimenti sono i carotenoidi (betacarotene, licopene, luteina), i bioflavonoidi (vitamina P), le vitamine A, C ed E, ed alcuni minerali come zinco, selenio, rame e potassio.

Fonti alimentari di carotenoidi

I carotenoidi proteggono dai raggi nocivi del sole. Le principali fonti alimentari di carotenoidi sono rappresentate da: alghe, carote, mais, peperoni, pomodori, zucca, anguria, albicocca, melone, e, in generale tutti gli alimenti vegetali di colore rosso, arancio o giallo. Tuttavia, i carotenoidi sono presenti anche nei vegetali a foglia verde come i cavoli e il prezzemolo e in pesci come salmone e gamberetti.

Fonti alimentari di bioflavonoidi

I bioflavonoidi hanno il potere di migliorare la resistenza dei capillari e il tono venoso in generale. Ne costituiscono ottime fonti le mele, gli agrumi, le cipolle e il vino rosso.

Fonti alimentari di Vitamina C (acido ascorbico)

La Vitamina C è contenuta soprattutto in peperoncini, peperoni, rucola, kiwi, cavoletti di Bruxelles, lattuga, fragole, limoni, arance, pompelmi, mandarini, fave, piselli e pomodori. Tutti questi alimenti vanno consumati però più freschi possibile, meglio se crudi. La lunga conservazione e la cottura ne degradano infatti il contenuto vitaminico.

Fonti alimentari di Vitamina A (retinolo)

La vitamina A, nota anche come retinolo, ha effetti benefici sulla salute di pelle, ossa e denti. Ne rappresentano ottime fonti l’olio di fegato di merluzzo, il burro, i formaggi e il tuorlo d’uovo.

Fonti alimentari di Vitamina E (tocoferolo)

Rappresentano ottime fonti di Vitamina E i semi, le noci, i cereali integrali, avocado, frutti di bosco, asparagi e pomodori.

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