Sostituire lo zucchero con i dolcificanti

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Sostituire zucchero dolcificantiLa prassi di sostituire lo zucchero con i dolcificanti è abbastanza comune quando si segue un regime dietetico. Con lo sviluppo dell’industria chimica i dolcificanti sintetici si sono letteralmente moltiplicati, ma esistono anche dolcificanti naturali come il malto d’orzo, lo sciroppo d’acero e il miele, ricchi di sostanze nutritive.

Lo zucchero o saccarosio, viene ampiamente utilizzato, anche perché ritenuto una sostanza sicura per la salute. In una dieta corretta, infatti, l’assunzione di zucchero, in quantità moderate, s’intende, non deve mai mancare, poiché fornisce energia di pronto utilizzo per l’organismo.

I dolcificanti sono suddivisi in 3 grandi famiglie:

  • Dolcificanti Naturali: rientrano gli zuccheri semplici (saccarosio, fruttosio, lattosio, glucosio, e maltosio).
  • Dolcificanti Polialcolici: si tratta sempre di sostanze naturali, ma a lento assorbimento e sono il sorbitolo, il maltitolo e lo xilitolo. Sono dolcificanti ampiamente utilizzati per la preparazione di caramelle, gomme da masticare e collutori. Vanno assunti con moderazione onde evitare l’effetto lassativo.
  • Dolcificanti Sintetici: sono sostanze prodotte in laboratorio, con un elevato potere dolcificante (fino a 300 volte in più rispetto al saccarosio) a fronte di un apporto calorico esiguo. Quelli più diffusi sono l’aspartame, la saccarina, il ciclammato e il sucralosio.

Spesso, nelle diete dimagranti, lo zucchero tradizionale viene sostituito con i dolcificanti sintetici, poiché sono meno calorici, in modo particolare con l’aspartame e la saccarina. L’aspartame è, si può dire praticamente sin dal suo esordio sul mercato, al centro di accese polemiche.  Qualche tempo fa, forse alcuni lo ricorderanno, la trasmissione Report, ha riportato i risultati (sconvolgenti ndr) di una ricerca condotta sull’aspartame dall’Istituto di ricerca oncologia Ramazzini di Bologna. Secondo lo studio, questo dolcificante sintetico sarebbe in grado di favorire la formazione di linfomi e leucemie nelle cavie, e quindi anche nell’uomo.

Al di là delle disquisizioni scientifiche, sarebbe il caso di sfatare un mito alimentare, che vuole l’aspartame il dolcificante più dietetico che ci sia. La verità, con il conta calorie alla mano, è ben diversa. 100 g di zucchero, infatti, apportano 392 kcal, contro le 400 kcal dell’aspartame. A voi la scelta.

Photo Credits|ThinkStock

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