Dieta e menopausa, il parere dell’esperto (seconda parte)

Come promesso pubblichiamo oggi la seconda parte dell’intervista al Prof. Martorana docente di Ginecologia ed Endocrinologia dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo, che ha risposto per noi ad alcune delle domande più frequenti sulla menopausa.

Dottor Martorana, esiste un’alternativa naturale agli estrogeni?

Certamente sì! In natura esistono alimenti più o meno ricchi di estrogeni, i cosiddetti fitoestrogeni, presenti in moltissimi vegetali. La  soia (biologica e non OGM) è uno degli alimenti più efficaci nel prevenire problemi legati a deficenze ormonali. Come ho detto prima, le donne orientali che fanno un consumo quotidiano di soia riducono l’incidenza delle vampate, dei problemi cardiocircolatori, di tumori, di osteoporosi e di cancro al seno e all’utero. Mentre bisogna evitare le diete squilibrate e l’assunzione di farmaci che vengono magari ampiamente pubblicizzati, ad esempio la sibutramina, perché una certa aliquota di grasso è fondamentale per l’interconversione degli ormoni androgeni prodotti dall’ovaia e per la loro bioconversione in estrogeni, lavoro svolto dal tessuto adiposo. Quindi non obesità, non sovrappeso ma una giusta aliquota di grasso dovrebbe rappresentare una costante delle donne in questo periodo della vita. Non c’è dubbio che con una sana alimentazione deve coesistere un corretto e regolare esercizio fisico.

La cultura dell’odierna società ci impone uno stereotipo femminile che sconvolge totalmente il concetto di bellezza che dall’antica Grecia fino agli anni ’70 ha imperato. Alle linee morbide, volti tondeggianti, ecc. si antepongono corpi filiformi, quasi androgeni, che costringono le donne a sottoporsi a diete drastiche, perdendo quelle sane abitudini alimentari che ci assicuravano l’apporto completo nutritivo che soprattutto nella fase della menopausa, in cui l’immagine subisce un drastico mutamento che ha inizio con l’aumento del peso e la perdita del tono muscolare, diventa importantissimo. Prof. Martorana, quali alimenti dovrebbero esse portati più spesso a tavola per assicurarsi un corretto apporto di nutrienti? e quali quelli da evitare?

E’ vero che si è verificato questo mutamento nella rassicurazione del sè nell’ambito della visione femminile del proprio corpo. Non c’è dubbio però, questo lo diciamo noi uomini forse con un po’ di  compiacimento, che c’è un ritorno a quelle che potevano essere le forme classiche, come quelle della Venere di Milo, tant’è vero che è sempre maggiore la richiesta di chirurgia plastica per incrementare il volume del seno laddove negli anni ’70-’80 e parte dei ’90 si tendeva anzi ad abolire questo organo femminile che, per altro, almeno nella civiltà occidentale, è molto legato anche alla sessualità. Questo, ricollegandoci a quanto abbiamo detto sopra, comporterà sicuramente, seppure non un sovrappeso, una aliquota di grasso addominale, che è fondamentale per quella interconversione degli androgeni in estrogeni , che hanno un ruolo fondamentale nel mantenimento di una questo periodo della vita. Un’alimentazione corretta è quella che dovrebbe vedere ridotte le fritture e le carni rosse, perchè possono causare problemi cardiovascolari , soprattutto se una donna assume temporaneamente la Terapia Ormonale Sostitutiva, mentre dovrebbe essere basata sul consumo di frutta, verdura, soprattutto la frutta ricca di fitoestrogeni, ad esempio i fragoloni, oppure la frutta secca, oppure i legumi, ad esempio i ceci, le lenticchie, i pomodori. Illustri ginecologi, infatti, suggeriscono che dieta ed esercizio fisico, da soli possono bypassare totalmente le prospettive terapeutiche della Terapia Ormonale Sostitutiva.

La terza e ultima parte dell’intervista al Prof. Martorana sarà on line mercoledì alla stessa ora. Non perdetevela!

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