Che cosa è l’omocisteina e come tenere sotto controllo i suoi valori

L’omocisteina è un particolare aminoacido che viene prodotto dal nostro organismo per poter favorire il processo di ripartizione del metabolismo delle proteine. Si tratta pertanto di un aminoacido che svolge un ruolo piuttosto importante, ma che se presente in livelli eccessivi potrebbe altresì determinare guai molto più seri. I quali, fortunatamente, sono comunque ben arginabili nel caso in cui si monitorino attentamente i livelli di omocisteina, evitando che diventino troppo elevati e che, dunque, possano compromettere la salute aprendo margini di rischio di ictus, di attacchi cardiaci, di danni alle pareti arteriose, e così via.

Cosa fare se i valori sono troppo alti

Per capire per quale motivo sia così importante cercare di monitorare i livelli di omocisteina, cominciamo con il compiere un piccolo passo indietro e occuparci di un valore che invece dovreste conoscere molto bene: il colesterolo. Probabilmente tutti i nostri lettori sanno già che il colesterolo è un fattore di rischio molto significativo per la determinazione di alcune patologie, ma pochi stanno che, invece, come il colesterolo (e ancor di più di questo!) c’è un altro marker che riveste una simile importanza, l’omocisteina, uno degli aminoacidi che, in caso di raggiungimento di un livello troppo alto nel sangue, potrebbe determinare realmente un serio problema di salute.

Di fatti, esattamente come avviene per il più noto colesterolo, una parte di questo aminoacido è un prodotto metabolico della nostra alimentazione, ovvero dei cibi che ingeriamo quotidianamente. La dieta squilibrata, specialmente se è carente di alcune vitamine con quelle del gruppo B, aggiunta a uno stile di vita sedentario o associato a vizi altrettanto poco salutari (come il fumo, l’abuso di alcol, ecc.) può infatti favorire un aggravamento della situazione. Purtroppo, a volte a giocare un ruolo negativo sono anche alcuni fattori di natura genetica, o ancora alcuni medicinali, l’inquinamento atmosferico e altre determinanti ancora, in grado di influenzare in maniera nociva i processi metabolici dell’omocisteina.

Come controllare i valori dell’omocisteina

Per fortuna, controllare i valori di omocisteina nel sangue è abbastanza semplice, visto e coniderato che è sufficiente effettuare alcune analisi ematiche. L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità ha in merito stabilito quali siano i range entro i quali i valori sono da reputarsi fisiologici, affermando che tali si intendono quelli entro le 13 micromoli per uomo adulto e le 10,1 per le donne adulte, e le 11,3 per i bambini sotto i quattordici anni di età. Nel caso in cui dalle analisi del sangue dovessero evidenziare valori al di sopra di quelli sopra riportati, è bene consultare tempestivamente il proprio medico e cercare di assumere qualche provvedimento per riportare i valori di riferimento entro soglie di ordinarietà.

Cause dell’omocisteina alta

Come abbiamo già anticipato, una delle maggiori cause di una omocisteina alta è un insufficiente apporto di vitamine del gruppo B. Possono inoltre essere considerate cause concomitanti l’incremento dell’omocisteina anche i fattori genetici e l’utilizzo di acido folico. Altri fattori di cause che possono scatenare un livello elevato di omocisteina sono lo stress e l’elevato consumo di caffè.

Come curare l’omocisteina alta

Una vera e propria cura per l’omocisteina alta, in relatà, non esiste. Tutto quello che però potete proficuamente fare è cercare di abbassarne i livelli incrementando le soglie di assunzione di vitamine del gruppo B mediante il maggiore consumo di verdure a foglia verde, di frutta e di altri alimenti che siano a base di cereali, contenenti acido folico. In aggiunta a ciò, risulta essere particolarmente utile cercare di abbassare il livello di stress: per fare questo, potete aiutarvi con esercizi di respirazione, praticando attività fisica e facendo un pò di yoga.

Rammentiamo infatti, in questa sede conclusiva di approfondimento, come lo stress possa indurre la produzione di epinefrina e di norepinefrina, due neurotrasmettitori che sono metabolizzati nel fegato mediante un processo che utilizza i gruppi metilici, e che per questo motivo l’organismo è indotto ad incrementare la produzione di acido folico, andando così a sviluppare i livelli di omocisteina nel sangue.

Per poterne sapere di più vi invitiamo naturalmente a consultare il vostro medico di riferimento e a condividere con lui ogni aspetto della vostra situazione clinica.

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145 commenti su “Che cosa è l’omocisteina e come tenere sotto controllo i suoi valori”

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