Il calcio nel nostro organismo
Circa il 99% del calcio presente nel nostro organismo è depositato nelle ossa e nei denti mentre il restante 1% confluisce nei tessuti molli, nei fluidi cellulari e nel sangue. Come è noto, questo minerale viene utilizzato dall’organismo per lo sviluppo e il mantenimento della struttura ossea ma partecipa anche al processo di coagulazione del sangue, di stimolazione di nervi e muscoli, al funzionamento dell’ormone paratiroideo e al metabolismo della vitamina D.
Carenza di calcio, le cause
Poichè i livelli ematici di calcio dipendono dall’attività congiunta della vitamina D e di due ormoni, paratormone e calcitonina, che a loro volta ne modulano il rilascio nelle ossa, nonchè il suo riassorbimento e la sua espulsione a livello renale, la carenza di calcio (ipocalcemia) può essere dovuta ad una mancanza di vitamina D o ad una concentrazione anomala dei suddetti ormoni e solo relativamente ad un’alimentazione non equilibrata.
Fra le cause di ipocalcemia troviamo dunque ipoparatiroidismo (inattività delle ghiandole paratiroidi), deficit di paratormone, ridotta assunzione di calcio con la dieta per malassorbimento o malnutrizione, carenza di vitamina D, resistenza all’azione della vitamina D ma anche carenza di magnesio e patologie quali infiammazione acuta del pancreas.
Carenza di calcio, i sintomi
L’ipocalcemia si evidenzia quando la calcemia totale scende sotto i 9 mg/dL o quando la frazione libera (calcio ionizzato) si attesta sotto i 4.5 mg/dL. L’entità dei sintomi dipende comunque dalla gravità e dalla durata della carenza di calcio: mentre una leggera carenza di calcio può causare crampi, intorpidimento di braccia e gambe, dolori articolari, tachicardia, aumento del livello di colesterolo, polso debole, insonnia, rallentamento della crescita, irritabilità, unghie fragili, carenze più importanti e prolungate possono dare luogo ad aritmie cardiache e convulsioni.
Carenza di calcio, la cura
Per curare adeguatamente la carenza di calcio occorre anzitutto individuare le cause che l’hanno determinata, anche se la carenza in sè può essere affrontata attraverso l’assunzione di integratori di calcio (calcio gluconato, calcio lattato, calcio cloruro) e vitamina D, dietro controllo medico.
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