Sono molte le persone convinte che per perdere peso sia necessario eliminare il pane e la pasta. Non è una scelta saggia soprattutto se non è stata indicata da un dietista o da un nutrizionista. I carboidrati danno energia al corpo e al cervello. Svolgono importanti funzioni biologiche: prima di tutto, sotto forma di glicogeno nel fegato e nei muscoli, costituiscono una riserva energetica di rapida utilizzazione nelle ore notturne o fra un pasto e l’altro.
“Un’alimentazione equilibrata deve essere composta dal 55-60% delle calorie giornaliere di carboidrati di cui non più del 10% da monosaccaridi e disaccaridi, 25-30% dell’apporto calorico quotidiano di lipidi, e circa 1 g/kg di peso corporeo di proteine. I monosaccaridi vengono assorbiti rapidamente dall’organismo e forniscono energia immediatamente disponibile, ma che si esaurisce in fretta: per questo motivo sono l’ideale quando si ha bisogno di un po’ di carica, ma il loro consumo deve essere limitato. Sono i polisaccaridi a costituire il vero e proprio combustibile del nostro organismo, poiché vengono assorbiti più lentamente e forniscono energia in modo graduale”.
Consiglia Manuela Pastore, dietista di Humanitas. Perché quindi queste sostanze non vanno eliminate? Per evitare prima di tutto una dieta sbilanciata a favore dei grassi. Quando i carboidrati della dieta vengono ridotti eccessivamente l’organismo deve fabbricarsi da sé il glucosio, indispensabile per le sue funzioni, utilizzando come substrati proteine e grassi. La formazione di zuccheri dagli aminoacidi delle proteine porta, se protratta, a una riduzione della massa magra (prevalentemente muscolo) che è una componente fondamentale dell’organismo.
Photo Credits | Shutterstock / ArtCookStudio
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