Proprietà del peperoncino, varietà e controindicazioni

Proprietà peperoncino varietà controindicazioni

Il peperoncino è tra le spezie più usate in cucina e più apprezzate per dare sapore alle pietanze, ma le sue proprietà vanno ben oltre quelle nutritive. Il peperoncino piccante vanta una storia molto antica, la prima testimonianza, infatti, risale agli Aztechi. Il suo nome deriva dal latino Capsicum, che letteralmente significa “scatola”. La sua forma, infatti, ricorda quella di una scatola contenente i suoi semi.

Peperoncino: calorie e valori nutrizionali

  • Calorie: 40 kcal
  • Grassi: 0.44 g
  • Carboidrati: 8.81 g
  • Proteine: 1.87 g
  • Fibre: 1.5 g
  • Zuccheri: 5.3 g
  • Acqua: 88.02 g
  • Ceneri: 0.87 g

Minerali

  • Calcio: 14 mg
  • Sodio: 9 mg
  • Fosforo: 43 mg
  • Potassio: 322 mg
  • Ferro: 1.03 mg
  • Magnesio: 23 mg
  • Zinco: 0.26 mg
  • Rame: 0.129 mg
  • Manganese: 0.187 mg
  • Selenio: 0.5 mcg

Vitamine

  • Retinolo (Vit. A): 0 mcg
  • Vitamina A, IU: 952 IU
  • Vitamina A, RAE: 48 mcg_RAE
  • Tiamina (Vit. B1): 0.072 mg
  • Riboflavina (Vit. B2): 0.086 mg
  • Niacina (Vit. B3): 1.244 mg
  • Acido Pantotenico (Vit. B5): 0.201 mg
  • Piridossina (Vit. B6): 0.506 mg
  • Acido folico (Vit. B9 o M o Folacina): 0 mcg
  • Folato alimentare: 23 mcg
  • Folato, DFE: 23 mcg_DFE
  • Folati, totali: 23 mcg
  • Cobalamina (Vit. B12): 0 mcg
  • Vitamina B-12, aggiunta: 0 mcg
  • Acido ascorbico (Vit. C): 143.7 mg
  • Vitamina D (D2+D3): 0 mcg
  • Colecalcifenolo (Vit. D): 0 IU
  • Alpha-tocoferolo (Vit. E): 0.69 mg
  • Vitamina E, aggiunta: 0 mg
  • Fillochinone (Vit. K): 14 mcg
  • Colina totale (Vit. J): 10.9 mg
  • Carotene, beta: 534 mcg
  • Carotene, alfa: 36 mcg
  • Criptoxantina, beta: 40 mcg
  • Licopene: 0 mcg
  • Luteina + zeaxantina: 709 mcg

Grassi

  • Acidi grassi, monoinsaturi: 0.024 g
  • Acidi grassi, polinsaturi: 0.239 g
  • Acidi grassi, saturi: 0.042 g
  • Colesterolo: 0 mg

Amminoacidi

  • Acido aspartico: 0.286 g
  • Acido glutammico: 0.264 g
  • Alanina: 0.082 g
  • Arginina: 0.096 g
  • Cisteina: 0.038 g
  • Fenilalanina: 0.062 g
  • Glicina: 0.074 g
  • Isoleucina: 0.065 g
  • Istidina: 0.041 g
  • Leucina: 0.105 g
  • Lisina: 0.089 g
  • Metionina: 0.024 g
  • Prolina: 0.087 g
  • Serina: 0.08 g
  • Tirosina: 0.042 g
  • Treonina: 0.074 g
  • Triptofano: 0.026 g
  • Valina: 0.084 g

Peperoncino: proprietà

Il peperoncino deve il suo sapore piccante alla Capsaicina e ai capsaicinoidi, delle sostanze chimiche responsabili della sensazione di bruciore. Il calore che si percepisce non è reale, la temperatura della bocca, infatti, non si innalza. Questo succede perché la capsaicina interagisce con alcuni termorecettori presenti nella bocca, nello stomaco e anche nell’ano, che segnalano al cervello l’aumento della temperatura oltre i 43°. Il cervello, così invia il segnale di bruciore, ma quest’impressione dura solo pochi minuti, per lasciare spazio ad una sensazione di benessere. Il bruciore, infatti, produce nel cervello le endorfine, neurotrasmettitori dotati di attività eccitante e analgesica.

Il peperoncino è un vero toccasana per l’organismo e annovera molte proprietà benefiche:

  • Aiuta a mantenere elastici i capillari e permette l’ossigenazione del sangue
  • Previene le malattie cardiovascolari e rafforza arterie e cuore
  • Abbassa il colesterolo
  • Svolge un’azione anti-invecchiamento grazie alla vitamina E
  • Rafforza le difese immunitarie
  • Allevia il dolore di artriti e reumatismi
  • Favorisce la digestione
  • Stimola il metabolismo

Peperoncino: varietà

Esistono numerose specie di peperoncino, tuttavia quelle più conosciute sono essenzialmente 5:

  • Capsicum annuum: comprende i peperoncini usati in Italia, i peperoni dolci, il peperoncino messicano Jalapeno (da cui deriva la paprika) e quello di Cayenna.
  • Capsicum baccatum: la varietà più nota di questa specie è quella dei peperoncini Aji della Bolivia e del Perù.
  • Capsicum chinense: comprende i peperoncini più piccanti al mondo, gli Habanero dell’America del Sud (Caraibi e Yacatàn).
  • Capsicum frutescens: tra i più noti ci sono i peperoncini tabasco del continente americano e di una parte dell’Asia, da cui viene realizzata la salsa di tabasco.
  • Capsicum pubenscens: la varietà più famosa è il rocotillo ed è tipica del Sud America. La sua forma è molto particolare ed è la specie che maggiormente si differenzia dalle altre. Il frutto, infatti, ricorda la forma di una mela.

Peperoncino: controindicazioni

Il peperoncino non è indicato per chi soffre di acidità di stomaco, epatite, ulcera, cistiti ed emorroidi, e nei bambini. Inoltre, un uso eccessivo può irritare le mucosi intestinali, i reni e lo stomaco.

Photo Credits|ThinkStock

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