Epilessia, la dieta chetogenica aiuta a ridurre le crisi

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dieta contro epilessiaL’epilessia può essere combattuta con una dieta specifica; questa non è una novità, da tempo è noto che un particolare regime alimentare aiuta a ridurre in modo consistente le crisi epilettiche resistenti ai farmaci: recentemente, uno studio ha evidenziato il motivo dell’efficacia di questa dieta.

La dieta utile per ridurre le crisi epilettiche si basa su un notevole contenuto di grassi e pochi carboidrati, e altri non è che la cosiddetta dieta chetogenica; fino ad oggi, il motivo per cui questa dieta risultava essere particolarmente efficace contro l’epilessia era sconosciuto: ci ha pensato un nuovo studio della Harvard Medical School, pubblicato su “Neuron”, che ha rilevato che c’è un legame tra la proteina capace di modificare il metabolismo cellulare nel cervello e la sensibilità a un attacco epilettico.

Considerando il fatto che le crisi epilettiche pare siano scatenate da un’insolita attività elettrica del cervello, il comportamento della proteina che modifica il metabolismo, potrebbe essere il punto chiave che spiega gli effetti positivi dell’alimentazione. La dieta chetogenica, che si caratterizza per la poca quantità di zuccheri, ha la funzione di spingere l’organismo a prendere energia da sostanze che non siano gli zuccheri, come i grassi o i chetoni, dei loro sottoprodotti.

La proteina capace di modulare il metabolismo del glucosio in diversi tipi di cellule si chiama BAD (BCL–2-associated Agonist of Cell Death), ed è stata studiata dal team degli scienziati dell’Università di Harvard, i quali hanno osservato come le modifiche apportate da questa proteina siano state in grado di ridurre la suscettibilità alle crisi epilettiche da parte del cervello, forse per la maggiore attività di un canale ionico che calma l’eccitabilità neuronale; grazie a questi risultati, i ricercatori hanno concluso che la proteina BAD è in grado di regolare il metabolismo energetico nel cervello e che è coinvolta nella variazione di tono delle crisi epilettiche.

La dottoressa Nika N. Danial, coordinatrice dello studio spiega:

La capacità di BAD di modulare il metabolismo energetico del cervello, indipendentemente dalla manipolazione dietetica, lo rende un candidato ideale per il controllo metabolico della crisi. Piccole molecole modellate dopo le modifiche di BAD possono aiutare a scoprire nuovi bersagli terapeutici per il trattamento di disturbi epilettici.

 

[Fonte]

 

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